Prison Inmates, Are Some Of The Most Maladjusted People In Essays

Prison inmates, are some of the most "maladjusted" people in society. Most of the inmates have had too little discipline or too much, come from broken homes, and have no self-esteem. They are very insecure and are "at war with themselves as well as with society" (Szumski 20). Most inmates did not learn moral values or learn to follow everyday norms. Also, when most lawbreakers are labeled criminals they enter the phase of secondary deviance. They will admit they are criminals or believe it when they enter the phase of secondary deviance (Doob 171). Next, some believe that if we want to rehabilitate criminals we must do more than just send them to prison. For instance, we could give them a chance to acquire job skills; which will improve the chances that inmates will become productive citizens upon release. The programs must aim to change those who want to change. Those who are taught to produce useful goods and to be productive are "likely to develop the self-esteem essential to a normal, integrated personality" (Szumski 21). This kind of program would provide skills and habits and "replace the sense of hopelessness" that many inmates have (Szumski 21). Moreover, another technique used to rehabilitate criminals is counseling. There is two types of counseling in general, individual and group counseling. Individual counseling is much more costly than group counseling. The aim of group counseling is to develop positive peer pressure that will influence its members. One idea in many sociology text is that group problem-solving has definite advantages over individual problem-solving. The idea is that a wider variety of solutions can be derived by drawing from the experience of several people with different backgrounds. Also one individuals problem might have already been solved by another group member and can be suggested. Often if a peer proposes a solution it carries more weight than if the counselor were to suggest it (Bennett 20-24). Further, in sociology, one of the major theories of delinquency is differential association (Cressey 1955). This means some people learned their ways from "undesirable" people who they were forced to be in association with and that this association "warps" their thinking and social attitudes. "Group counseling, group interaction, and other kinds of group activities can provide a corrective, positive experience that might help to offset the earlier delinquent association" (Bennett 25). However, it is said that group counseling can do little to destroy the power of labeling (Bennett 26). The differential-association theory emphasizes that a person is more likely to become a criminal if the people who have the greatest influence upon them are criminals (Doob 169). Most of today's correctional institutions lack the ability and programs to rehabilitate the criminals of America. One can predict that a prisoner held for two, four, eight or ten years, then released, still with no educationling, there is disadvantages. For instance, members of the group might not be as open or show emotion because they want to appear "tough." Also the members might not express their opinions openly because the others might see it as "snitching." For the group to work it takes a dedicated counselor (Bennett 22-23). Another type of correctional center used for rehabilitation is halfway houses. Halfway houses are usually located in residential communities and are aimed to keep offenders in the community. The name comes from the fact that they are "halfway between the community and the prison" (Fox 60). The "rationale" behind halfway houses is that criminal activity originates in the community, so the community has a responsibility to try to correct it. Also, sending a person who has deviant behavior and who has been associated with criminal influences, to prison would just make the problem worse (Fox 61). "The best place for treatment is in the community; this prevents the breaking of all constructive social ties" (Fox 61). Programs in halfway houses usually involve work release or study release and group sessions for therapy and counseling. Most programs vary greatly depending on the administrator. Generally, the purpose is to "reintegrate" members back into the community. There are three systems generally used in programs and in the process: "change by compliance, client-centered change, and change by credibility in that it 'makes sense." (Fox 73). The compliance model is designed to make good work habits. The client-centered model focuses on a high understanding of the person. The credibility model emphasizes making decisions and getting back into the community. These programs are made to avoid institutions as much as possible (Fox 73). On the other hand, many inmates think the government does not want to rehabilitate criminals. The reason behind this thinking is that prisons

Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Tell-Tale Heart” Research Paper Example

Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Tell Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† Paper Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† Paper A Guilty Conscience Shown in Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe is an intellectual murder story told from a first-person perspective of an eccentric narrator who kills a man because he is so frightened of the man’s eye. The mad narrator ultimately is unable to maintain his innocence to the deed. The narrator is obsesses with the vulture eye of the old man who he lives with. He describes the eye as evil, like the eye of a vulture, a pale blue eye, with a film over it. The narrator has a good relationship with the old man but decides that he must kill him in order to rid himself of the eye forever. During the events of the story it is obvious that the narrator is a man in fear of the evil eye with conscience eating away at him in the events of killing the old man. Even though the narrator focuses on the evil eye and tries to justify his actions, in the end he cant escape his own conscience. The narrator has a loving and friendly relationship with the old man. He states I loved the old man. The old man had never wronged him nor insulted him and he had no desire for the old mans money. He says For his gold I had no desire. The narrator is also sure to state to the readers that he was kind to the old man, I was never kinder to the old man than during the whole week before I killed him. He was careful not to disturb the old mans sleep each of the seven nights that he watched him and every morning he spoke courageously to him, called him by name in a hearty tone, and inquired how he had passed the night before. The old mans evil eye seems to have power over the narrator. He states I think it was his eye! Yes, it was this! He had the eye of a vulture Whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold. For an unknown reason, the old mans evil eye has provoked insanity in the narrator though the narrator argues that he is not crazy. He says You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing. But you should have seen me. You should have seen how wisely I proceeded with what caution with what foresight with what dissimulation I went to work! And have I not told you that what you mistake for madness is but over-acuteness of the sense? The narrators obsession with the evil is shown by his extreme precision on how he watched the old man in order to catch a glimpse of the vulture eye. Every night at midnight he would turn the latch of the old mans door and opened it oh so gently. When he had made a sufficient opening for his head he put in a closed dark lantern so that no light shone in, then he thrust his head in, I moved it slowly very, very slowly and It took (him) and hour to place (his) whole head within the opening so far that (he) could see him Then when his head was well in the room he undid the lantern cautiously-oh, so cautiously cautiously (for the hinges creaked) I undid it just so much that a single thin ray fell upon the vulture eye. And this I did for seven long nights every night just at midnight And on the eighth night he describes a watchs minute hand as being quicker than his own. All of this shows how the narrator used such vigilance in how he went about carrying out his plan to kill the old man. The extreme precision and mindfulness that he went about doing these things in order to see the old man’s vulture eye illustrates the extent of the narrator’s obsession and fear of the evil eye. Although the narrator is so cautious about how he goes about killing the old man he begins the story by letting the reader know that he was very nervous about what he had planned to do. The narrators first sentence says TRUE! nervous very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am. This is the first indication to the reader that the narrator does have a conscience. He even says that his idea to kill the old man haunted him day and night. When the narrator is hearing what he believes to be the old mans heart beating he is really just so nervous that he is hearing the beat of his own heart. The beat becomes so loud that he begins to worry; But the beating grew louder, louder! I thought the heart must burst. And now a new anxiety seized me the sound would be heard by a neighbour! After the killing is done and the officers have not found anything suspicious they sit over the dead body and begin in chat. As they are chatting the narrator, now the killer, grows anxious and his guilty conscience begins to overwhelm him. He says I felt myself getting pale and wished them gone. This caused him to begin to hear his own heart beat louder and louder again. The noise drove him to agony and he began to think the officers were making a mockery of his horror. His guilty conscience overwhelmed him so much that he couldnt bear it any longer until he finally admitted to doing the deed to the officers. Edgar Allan Poe indicates that the narrator is a mentally ill man with an extreme fear of the old mans vulture eye. Or should he be viewed as a mentally ill, mad man? Throughout the events of the story, the narrator is unaware that his plan to kill the old man simply to rid himself of the evil eye is wrong. Poe wants readers to see that this man, the narrator, does indeed have a conscience though. It just doesnt overpower his obsession with the eye and his plan to get rid of it. The evidence of the narrator’s existing conscience throughout the story shows that his natural instincts were present in knowing that even the idea of killing the old was wrong. In the event of the officers sitting and chatting for such a long period of time after he has killed the old man, the narrators guilt and anxiety becomes an extreme factor overwhelming him and causes his big plan to hurt himself in the end by telling the officers what he has done. Subconsciously the narrator hurts himself in the because of the decisions that he made to carry out his plan as a result of his guilt. : Poe, Edgar Allan. â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart. † Literature, Reading, Reacting, Writing. Eds. Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandell. Compact 7th Edition. Mason, OH: Cengage, 2009. Print.

Biomedical tecneque and cell biology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Biomedical tecneque and cell biology - Essay Example Animal or plant cells have the tendency to grow if they are kept under specific conditions and grown with the required and exact nutrients that are suitable for growth. If this kind of process is carried out under laboratory supervision it is called as cell culture. Chaudry, Arshad [2004] has to say that â€Å"the culture process allows single cells to act as independent units, much like micro organism such as bacterium or fungus†¦these cells an continue to grow until limited by some culture variable such as nutrient depletion†. Generally speaking a cell culture is carried out with the intentions of either to study the metabolic activity, or to analyze the effect of chemicals and medicine on the cell types. [i]. Producing antibodies: One of the antibodies that is produced using cell culture is the monoclonal antibodies. These anti bodies are very useful in treating human diseases. This could be done by obtaining hybridoma cells from animals. The fusion of two to three more cells of hybrid form derived from animals is capable of producing a single type of antibodies in a continuous fashion. These anti bodies are further useful in diagnostic and therapeutic value. Now a days some bio technicians tried analyzing the activities of the amino acids in the typical mammalian cells. [ii]. Recombinant proteins: these are huge and complex structure proteins that could be produced in bacteria, which later develop the tendency to add sugar to these collected protein. In this method the defensive protein is produced in virto through recombinant method and applied for blistered skin. This is called protein therapy. This could be also applied in correcting deficiency like diabetes, enhance immune response, dissolve blood clots etc. This was done previously by culturing extracts form tissues, urine and blood. [ii]. Virus Vaccinations: The basic cause for the vaccines production werwe found to be